Immigrants working with co-ethnics : who are they and how do they fare economically?
Description
abstract: Participation in ethnic economies has been regarded as an alternative avenue of economic
adaptation for immigrants and minorities in major immigrant-receiving countries. This
study examines one important dimension of ethnic economies: co-ethnic concentration at
the workplace. Using a large national representative sample from Statistics
Canada's 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey, this study addresses four questions: (1)
What is the level of co-ethnic concentration at the workplace for Canada's
minority groups? (2) How do workers who share the same ethnicity with most of their
co-workers differ from other workers in sociodemographic characteristics? (3) Is a
higher level of co-ethnic concentration at the workplace associated with lower earnings?
(4) Is a higher level of co-ethnic concentration at the workplace associated with higher
levels of life satisfaction? The results show that only a small proportion of immigrants
and the Canadian born (persons born to immigrant parents) work in ethnically homogeneous
settings. In Canada's eight largest metropolitan areas, about 10% of
non-British/French immigrants share the same ethnic origin with the majority of their
co-workers. The level is as high as 20% among Chinese immigrants and 18% among
Portuguese immigrants. Among Canadian-born minority groups, the level of co-ethnic
workplace concentration is about half the level for immigrants. Immigrant workers in
ethnically concentrated settings have much lower educational levels and a lower
proficiency in English/French. Immigrant men who work mostly with co-ethnics earn, on
average, about 33% less than workers with few or no co-ethnic co-workers. About two
thirds of this gap is attributable to differences in demographic and job
characteristics. Meanwhile, immigrant workers in ethnically homogenous settings are less
likely to report low levels of life satisfaction than other immigrant workers. Among the
Canadian born, co-ethnic concentration is not consistently associated with earnings and
life satisfaction.
